Self-Scaling LLM Infrastructure Powered by Rancher

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Description

The Problem

Running LLMs can get expensive and complex pretty quickly.

Today there are typically two choices:

  1. Use cloud APIs like OpenAI or Anthropic. Easy to start with, but costs add up at scale.
  2. Self-host everything - set up Kubernetes, figure out GPU scheduling, handle scaling, manage model serving... it's a lot of work.

What if there was a middle ground?

What if infrastructure scaled itself instead of making you scale it?

Can we use existing Rancher capabilities like CAPI, autoscaling, and GitOps to make this simpler instead of building everything from scratch?

Project Repository: github.com/alexander-demicev/llmserverless


What This Project Does

A key feature is hybrid deployment: requests can be routed based on complexity or privacy needs. Simple or low-sensitivity queries can use public APIs (like OpenAI), while complex or private requests are handled in-house on local infrastructure. This flexibility allows balancing cost, privacy, and performance - using cloud for routine tasks and on-premises resources for sensitive or demanding workloads.

A complete, self-scaling LLM infrastructure that:

  • Scales to zero when idle (no idle costs)
  • Scales up automatically when requests come in
  • Adds more nodes when needed, removes them when demand drops
  • Runs on any infrastructure - laptop, bare metal, or cloud

Think of it as "serverless for LLMs" - focus on building, the infrastructure handles itself.

How It Works

A combination of open source tools working together:

Flow:

  • Users interact with OpenWebUI (chat interface)
  • Requests go to LiteLLM Gateway
  • LiteLLM routes requests to:
    • Ollama (Knative) for local model inference (auto-scales pods)
    • Or cloud APIs for fallback
  • Cluster Autoscaler scales nodes up/down as needed
  • Fleet keeps everything in sync via GitOps

Goals

  • Provide a middle ground between cloud APIs and self-hosted LLMs
  • Enable cost-efficient, privacy-preserving, and flexible LLM deployments
  • Make LLM infrastructure easy to deploy and manage (Helm chart, GitOps)
  • Support local development and production scaling
  • Experiment with hybrid routing, serverless scaling, and GitOps automation

Resources

Features

  • Packaged as a Helm chart: The entire stack is delivered as a Helm chart for easy deployment. See the project repository for setup instructions.
  • Scale to Zero: No requests? No pods. No pods? No nodes (well, minimum 1). LLM infrastructure costs nothing when idle.
  • Hybrid Routing: Simple requests can use public APIs, while complex or private queries are handled in-house, balancing cost and privacy.
  • GitOps Native: Everything is Fleet bundles.
  • Local Development Ready: Uses KIND + Docker provider for local dev. Same architecture that scales to production.

Tech Stack

  • Rancher 2.13 - Cluster management (Turtles is now built-in!)
  • Cluster API - Infrastructure as Kubernetes resources
  • Knative Serving - Serverless pod autoscaling
  • Ollama - Run LLMs locally
  • LiteLLM - Unified LLM API gateway
  • OpenWebUI - Chat interface
  • Fleet - GitOps deployment

What's Next

This is a hackweek project, but here are ideas for the future:

  • GPU node pools for production workloads
  • Cloud provider templates (AWS/Azure/GCP)
  • Smarter routing based on prompt complexity
  • Cost tracking dashboard
  • Response caching

Setup & Usage

For all setup and usage instructions, please refer to the project repository.

Why This Matters

LLMs are becoming a core part of many applications. But infrastructure options are still catching up.

This project explores a middle path:

  • Privacy - run models locally, keep data in-house
  • Cost efficiency - scale to zero, pay only for actual usage
  • Flexibility - mix local and cloud models based on needs
  • Simplicity - one command to deploy, GitOps to manage

It's an experiment in making LLM infrastructure more accessible and practical.


Updates

  • Update 1: Pushed some project prototype I had before along with changes needed to run it on most recent Rancher version
  • Update 2: Added multiple improvements for POC

Hackweek Results and Conclusion

Project Repository: github.com/alexander-demicev/llmserverless

The main conclusion is that it’s already possible to build something like this using the existing Rancher provisioning and management features. However, there are still a few questions and areas to improve for the future:

  • The POC is based on Kubeadm, it can and should be migrated to RKE2.
  • The SUSE AI stack wasn’t used for the sake of time efficiency, the goal was to assemble something that might currently be missing from it.
  • Cluster Autoscaler is getting support in Rancher, so the POC should be updated to use the autoscaler setup recommended by Rancher.
  • I’m not sure Knative is the best tool for self-scaling, maybe Keda would be a better alternative? I found Knative a bit complicated to configure and use, and it might be an overhead for the scope we have.

Looking for hackers with the skills:

rancher ai ll llm kubernetes

This project is part of:

Hack Week 25

Activity

  • 18 days ago: pgonin liked this project.
  • 21 days ago: ademicev0 liked this project.
  • 21 days ago: ademicev0 added keyword "llm" to this project.
  • 21 days ago: ademicev0 added keyword "kubernetes" to this project.
  • 21 days ago: ademicev0 added keyword "rancher" to this project.
  • 21 days ago: ademicev0 added keyword "ai" to this project.
  • 21 days ago: ademicev0 added keyword "ll" to this project.
  • 21 days ago: ademicev0 started this project.
  • 21 days ago: ademicev0 originated this project.

  • Comments

    Be the first to comment!

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    2. Inference Service py


    A CLI for Harvester by mohamed.belgaied

    Harvester does not officially come with a CLI tool, the user is supposed to interact with Harvester mostly through the UI. Though it is theoretically possible to use kubectl to interact with Harvester, the manipulation of Kubevirt YAML objects is absolutely not user friendly. Inspired by tools like multipass from Canonical to easily and rapidly create one of multiple VMs, I began the development of Harvester CLI. Currently, it works but Harvester CLI needs some love to be up-to-date with Harvester v1.0.2 and needs some bug fixes and improvements as well.

    Project Description

    Harvester CLI is a command line interface tool written in Go, designed to simplify interfacing with a Harvester cluster as a user. It is especially useful for testing purposes as you can easily and rapidly create VMs in Harvester by providing a simple command such as: harvester vm create my-vm --count 5 to create 5 VMs named my-vm-01 to my-vm-05.

    asciicast

    Harvester CLI is functional but needs a number of improvements: up-to-date functionality with Harvester v1.0.2 (some minor issues right now), modifying the default behaviour to create an opensuse VM instead of an ubuntu VM, solve some bugs, etc.

    Github Repo for Harvester CLI: https://github.com/belgaied2/harvester-cli

    Done in previous Hackweeks

    • Create a Github actions pipeline to automatically integrate Harvester CLI to Homebrew repositories: DONE
    • Automatically package Harvester CLI for OpenSUSE / Redhat RPMs or DEBs: DONE

    Goal for this Hackweek

    The goal for this Hackweek is to bring Harvester CLI up-to-speed with latest Harvester versions (v1.3.X and v1.4.X), and improve the code quality as well as implement some simple features and bug fixes.

    Some nice additions might be: * Improve handling of namespaced objects * Add features, such as network management or Load Balancer creation ? * Add more unit tests and, why not, e2e tests * Improve CI * Improve the overall code quality * Test the program and create issues for it

    Issue list is here: https://github.com/belgaied2/harvester-cli/issues

    Resources

    The project is written in Go, and using client-go the Kubernetes Go Client libraries to communicate with the Harvester API (which is Kubernetes in fact). Welcome contributions are:

    • Testing it and creating issues
    • Documentation
    • Go code improvement

    What you might learn

    Harvester CLI might be interesting to you if you want to learn more about:

    • GitHub Actions
    • Harvester as a SUSE Product
    • Go programming language
    • Kubernetes API
    • Kubevirt API objects (Manipulating VMs and VM Configuration in Kubernetes using Kubevirt)


    Rancher/k8s Trouble-Maker by tonyhansen

    Project Description

    When studying for my RHCSA, I found trouble-maker, which is a program that breaks a Linux OS and requires you to fix it. I want to create something similar for Rancher/k8s that can allow for troubleshooting an unknown environment.

    Goals for Hackweek 25

    • Update to modern Rancher and verify that existing tests still work
    • Change testing logic to populate secrets instead of requiring a secondary script
    • Add new tests

    Goals for Hackweek 24 (Complete)

    • Create a basic framework for creating Rancher/k8s cluster lab environments as needed for the Break/Fix
    • Create at least 5 modules that can be applied to the cluster and require troubleshooting

    Resources

    • https://github.com/celidon/rancher-troublemaker
    • https://github.com/rancher/terraform-provider-rancher2
    • https://github.com/rancher/tf-rancher-up
    • https://github.com/rancher/quickstart


    The Agentic Rancher Experiment: Do Androids Dream of Electric Cattle? by moio

    Rancher is a beast of a codebase. Let's investigate if the new 2025 generation of GitHub Autonomous Coding Agents and Copilot Workspaces can actually tame it. A GitHub robot mascot trying to lasso a blue bull with a Kubernetes logo tatooed on it


    The Plan

    Create a sandbox GitHub Organization, clone in key Rancher repositories, and let the AI loose to see if it can handle real-world enterprise OSS maintenance - or if it just hallucinates new breeds of Kubernetes resources!

    Specifically, throw "Agentic Coders" some typical tasks in a complex, long-lived open-source project, such as:


    The Grunt Work: generate missing GoDocs, unit tests, and refactorings. Rebase PRs.

    The Complex Stuff: fix actual (historical) bugs and feature requests to see if they can traverse the complexity without (too much) human hand-holding.

    Hunting Down Gaps: find areas lacking in docs, areas of improvement in code, dependency bumps, and so on.


    If time allows, also experiment with Model Context Protocol (MCP) to give agents context on our specific build pipelines and CI/CD logs.

    Why?

    We know AI can write "Hello World." and also moderately complex programs from a green field. But can it rebase a 3-month-old PR with conflicts in rancher/rancher? I want to find the breaking point of current AI agents to determine if and how they can help us to reduce our technical debt, work faster and better. At the same time, find out about pitfalls and shortcomings.

    The CONCLUSION!!!

    A add-emoji State of the Union add-emoji document was compiled to summarize lessons learned this week. For more gory details, just read on the diary below! add-emoji


    Technical talks at universities by agamez

    Description

    This project aims to empower the next generation of tech professionals by offering hands-on workshops on containerization and Kubernetes, with a strong focus on open-source technologies. By providing practical experience with these cutting-edge tools and fostering a deep understanding of open-source principles, we aim to bridge the gap between academia and industry.

    For now, the scope is limited to Spanish universities, since we already have the contacts and have started some conversations.

    Goals

    • Technical Skill Development: equip students with the fundamental knowledge and skills to build, deploy, and manage containerized applications using open-source tools like Kubernetes.
    • Open-Source Mindset: foster a passion for open-source software, encouraging students to contribute to open-source projects and collaborate with the global developer community.
    • Career Readiness: prepare students for industry-relevant roles by exposing them to real-world use cases, best practices, and open-source in companies.

    Resources

    • Instructors: experienced open-source professionals with deep knowledge of containerization and Kubernetes.
    • SUSE Expertise: leverage SUSE's expertise in open-source technologies to provide insights into industry trends and best practices.