Some customers are still stuck in a world of 32bit. On ARM64, we have two options for those poor folks:
1) Run applications in the legacy ARMv7 instruction set 2) Compile applications with 32bit, but for the new AArch64 instruction set. This is called ILP32.
The main reason option 1 is a bad idea is that some hardware is already dropping ARMv7 instruction set support. And there will be more to come.
So if we ever want to enable people to run code that is not 64bit safe on AArch64 platforms, we need to provide them with a way out. Hence we should bootstrap at least the bare minimum to enable them to compile their own (broken) code.
Beware that all of this is in a big flux. The interfaces (ABI, syscalls) are not yet set in stone.
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Hack Week 12
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RISC-V emulator in GLSL capable of running Linux by favogt
Description
There are already numerous ways to run Linux and some programs through emulation in a web browser (e.g. x86 and riscv64 on https://bellard.org/jslinux/), but none use WebGL/WebGPU to run the emulation on the GPU.
I already made a PoC of an AArch64 (64-bit Arm) emulator in OpenCL which is unfortunately hindered by a multitude of OpenCL compiler bugs on all platforms (Intel with beignet or the new compute runtime and AMD with Mesa Clover and rusticl). With more widespread and thus less broken GLSL vs. OpenCL and the less complex implementation requirements for RV32 (especially 32bit integers instead of 64bit), that should not be a major problem anymore.
Goals
Write an RISC-V system emulator in GLSL that is capable of booting Linux and run some userspace programs interactively. Ideally it is small enough to work on online test platforms like Shaderoo with a custom texture that contains bootstrap code, kernel and initrd.
Minimum:
riscv32 without FPU (RV32 IMA) and MMU (µClinux), running Linux in M-mode and userspace in U-mode.
Stretch goals:
FPU support, S-Mode support with MMU, SMP. Custom web frontend with more possibilities for I/O (disk image, network?).
Resources
RISC-V ISA Specifications
Shaderoo
OpenGL 4.5 Quick Reference Card
Result as of Hackweek 2024
WebGL turned out to be insufficient, it only supports OpenGL ES 3.0 but imageLoad/imageStore needs ES 3.1. So we switched directions and had to write a native C++ host for the shaders.
As of Hackweek Friday, the kernel attempts to boot and outputs messages, but panics due to missing memory regions.
Since then, some bugs were fixed and enough hardware emulation implemented, so that now Linux boots with framebuffer support and it's possible to log in and run programs!
The repo with a demo video is available at https://github.com/Vogtinator/risky-v
Create a DRM driver for VGA video cards by tdz
Yes, those VGA video cards. The goal of this project is to implement a DRM graphics driver for such devices. While actual hardware is hard to obtain or even run today, qemu emulates VGA output.
VGA has a number of limitations, which make this project interesting.
- There are only 640x480 pixels (or less) on the screen. That resolution is also a soft lower limit imposed by DRM. It's mostly a problem for desktop environments though.
- Desktop environments assume 16 million colors, but there are only 16 colors with VGA. VGA's 256 color palette is not available at 640x480. We can choose those 16 colors freely. The interesting part is how to choose them. We have to build a palette for the displayed frame and map each color to one of the palette's 16 entries. This is called dithering, and VGA's limitations are a good opportunity to learn about dithering algorithms.
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Improve UML page fault handler by ptesarik
Description
Improve UML handling of segmentation faults in kernel mode. Although such page faults are generally caused by a kernel bug, it is annoying if they cause an infinite loop, or panic the kernel. More importantly, a robust implementation allows to write KUnit tests for various guard pages, preventing potential kernel self-protection regressions.
Goals
Convert the UML page fault handler to use oops_* helpers, go through a few review rounds and finally get my patch series merged in 6.14.
Resources
Wrong initial attempt: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20231215121431.680-1-petrtesarik@huaweicloud.com/T/
Model checking the BPF verifier by shunghsiyu
Project Description
BPF verifier plays a crucial role in securing the system (though less so now that unprivileged BPF is disabled by default in both upstream and SLES), and bugs in the verifier has lead to privilege escalation vulnerabilities in the past (e.g. CVE-2021-3490).
One way to check whether the verifer has bugs to use model checking (a formal verification technique), in other words, build a abstract model of how the verifier operates, and then see if certain condition can occur (e.g. incorrect calculation during value tracking of registers) by giving both the model and condition to a solver.
For the solver I will be using the Z3 SMT solver to do the checking since it provide a Python binding that's relatively easy to use.
Goal for this Hackweek
Learn how to use the Z3 Python binding (i.e. Z3Py) to build a model of (part of) the BPF verifier, probably the part that's related to value tracking using tristate numbers (aka tnum), and then check that the algorithm work as intended.
Resources
- Formal Methods for the Informal Engineer: Tutorial #1 - The Z3 Theorem Prover and its accompanying notebook is a great introduction into Z3
- Has a section specifically on model checking
- Software Verification and Analysis Using Z3 a great example of using Z3 for model checking
- Sound, Precise, and Fast Abstract Interpretation with Tristate Numbers - existing work that use formal verification to prove that the multiplication helper used for value tracking work as intended
- [PATCH v5 net-next 00/12] bpf: rewrite value tracking in verifier - initial patch set that adds tristate number to the verifier
Create DRM drivers for VESA and EFI framebuffers by tdz
Description
We already have simpledrm for firmware framebuffers. But the driver is originally for ARM boards, not PCs. It is already overloaded with code to support both use cases. At the same time it is missing possible features for VESA and EFI, such as palette modes or EDID support. We should have DRM drivers for VESA and EFI interfaces. The infrastructure exists already and initial drivers can be forked from simpledrm.
Goals
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Investigate non-booting Forlinx OKMX8MX-C board (aarch64) by a_faerber
Description
In the context of a SUSE customer inquiry last year, a Forlinx OKMX8MX-C arm64 board had been relayed to me from China that a customer was not successful booting SUSE Linux Micro on. Typically this happens when the vendor's bootloader (e.g., U-Boot) is not configured properly (e.g., U-Boot's distro boot) to be compliant with Arm SystemReady Devicetree (formerly IR) band. Unfortunately I could not immediately get it to emit any output, to even diagnose why it wasn't working. There was no public documentation on the vendor's website to even confirm I was checking the right UARTs.
Earlier this year (2024) I happened to meet the ODM/OEM, Forlinx, at Embedded World 2024 in Nuremberg and again the Monday before Hackweek 24 at Electronica 2024 in Munich. The big puzzle was that the PCB print "OKMX8MX-C" does not match any current Forlinx product, there being OKMX8MM-C and OKMX8MP-C products with the Mini and Plus variants of NXP i.MX 8M family instead. One suggestion from Forlinx staff was to double-check the DIP switches on the board for boot mode selection.
Goals
Double-check the board name and investigate further what may be wrong with this board.
Resources
none
Progress
- The board name is indeed as spelled above, not matching any product on forlinx.net.
- The DIP switches were set to boot from microSD.
- Changing the DIP switches to eMMC boot did result in UART1 RS-232 output! (although at times garbled with the cable supplied and USB adapter used)
- As feared, it did not automatically load our GRUB from USB.
- Booting our GRUB manually from USB (via eMMC U-Boot commands fatload+bootefi) was unsuccessful, with partially Chinese error messages.
- This confirmed the initial suspicion, already shared with Forlinx at Embedded World 2024, that the Forlinx System-on-Module's boot firmware was not Arm SystemReady Devicetree compliant and that a firmware update would be necessary to remedy that.
- The microSD card turned out not to contain a bootable image but to only include Chinese-language board documentation (dated 20220507) and BSP files. They used a diverging name of OKMX8MQ-C.
Improve various phones kernel mainline support (Qualcomm, Exynos, MediaTek) by pvorel
Similar to previous hackweeks ( https://hackweek.opensuse.org/projects/improve-qualcomm-soc-msm8994-slash-msm8992-kernel-mainline-support, https://hackweek.opensuse.org/projects/test-mainline-kernel-on-an-older-qualcomm-soc-msm89xx-explore-mainline-kernel-qualcomm-mainlining) try to improve kernel mainline support of various phones.
Result
In the end I concentrated again to msm8994:
- 507aae9a3549c ("arm64: dts: qcom: msm8994-angler: Enable power key, volume up/down") (will be in kernel 6.14)
- Testing of c910544d22347 ("arm64: dts: qcom: msm8994: Describe USB interrupts") (will be in kernel 6.14)
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Learn obs/ibs sync tool by xlai
Description
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Goals
Check how the tool is implemented, and be capable to add/modify our needed images/repo in future by ourselves.
Resources
- https://github.com/os-autoinst/openqa-trigger-from-obs
- https://gitlab.suse.de/openqa/openqa-trigger-from-ibs-plugin/-/tree/master?ref_type=heads
Learn about OSB and contribute to `kustomize` and `k9s` packages to add ARM arch by dpock
Description
There are already k9s
and kustomize
packages that exist for openSUSE today. These could be used as the source for these binaries in our rancher projects. By using them we would benefit from CVE fixes included in our distribution of the packages not in cluded upstream. However they are not providing arm package builds which are required.
Goals
- [ ] Update the kustomize package in OBS to use the newest version and send change request
Resources
- k9s: https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/openSUSE:Factory/k9s
- kustomize: https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/openSUSE:Factory/kustomize
- Learning Docs: https://confluence.suse.com/display/packaging/Training%2C+Talks+and+Videos
Fix RSpec tests in order to replace the ruby-ldap rubygem in OBS by enavarro_suse
Description
"LDAP mode is not official supported by OBS!". See: config/options.yml.example#L100-L102
However, there is an RSpec file which tests LDAP mode in OBS. These tests use the ruby-ldap
rubygem, mocking the results returned by a LDAP server.
The ruby-ldap
rubygem seems no longer maintaned, and also prevents from updating to a more recent Ruby version. A good alternative is to replace it with the net-ldap
rubygem.
Before replacing the ruby-ldap
rubygem, we should modify the tests so the don't mock the responses of a LDAP server. Instead, we should modify the tests and run them against a real LDAP server.
Goals
Goals of this project:
- Modify the RSpec tests and run them against a real LDAP server
- Replace the
net-ldap
rubygem with theruby-ldap
rubygem
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- Permit upgrading OBS from Ruby 3.1 to Ruby 3.2
- Make a step towards officially supporting LDAP in OBS.
Resources
Bootstrap openSUSE on LoongArch by glaubitz
Description
LoongArch is a new architecture from China which has its roots in the MIPS architecture. It has been created by Loongson and is already supported by Debian Ports, Gentoo and Loongnix.
Upstream support for LoongArch is already quite complete which includes LLVM, Rust, Golang, GRUB, QEMU, LibreOffice and many more. In Debian Ports, where the port is called "loong64", more than 95% of the whole Debian archive have been successfully built for LoongArch.
QEMU support is rather complete and stable such that packages can be built in emulated environments. Hardware can also be requested by Loongson on request for free. Access to real hardware is also provided through the GCC Compile Farm.
Goals
The initial goal should be to add LoongArch to OBS and build a minimal set of packages.
Resources
- Introduction to LoongArch: https://docs.kernel.org/arch/loongarch/introduction.html
- LoongArch community on Github: https://github.com/loongarchlinux
- Debian Ports repository for loong64: http://ftp.ports.debian.org/debian-ports/pool-loong64/main/
- Gentoo stage3 for loong: https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/#loong
Results
- An initial set of packages for openSUSE loongarch64 has been successfully bootstrapped
- An OBS project has been set up to build packages for openSUSE loongarch64 with more than 3000 packages being built already
- A work-in-progress guide on how to bootstrap a new openSUSE port from Debian has been created
- A work-in-progress guide on how to add a new target to the openSUSE toolchain has been created
Acknowledgements
- Thanks to Adrian Schröter and Rüdiger Oertl for the help with setting up the FTP space and OBS project
- Thanks to Dirk Müller for the input on how to get started with a new port
- Thanks to Richard Biener for quickly accepting my submit requests to add loongarch64 support to the toolchain
Explore the integration between OBS and GitHub by pdostal
Project Description
The goals:
1) When GitHub pull request is created or modified the OBS project will be forked and the build results reported back to GitHub. 2) When new version of the GitHub project will be published the OBS will redownload the source and rebuild the project.
Goal for this Hackweek
Do as much as possible, blog about it and maybe use it another existing project.
Resources
- The Blog post
- Issue: poo#123858 - build.opensuse.org: /usr/lib/obs/service//go_modules.service No such file or directory